what foods give you nightmares what foods give you nightmares

However, eating too many before bed can give your digestive an unwanted workout that might lead to a less than restful sleep. The day after, they are not satisfied with the sleep. For more, see our post What Are Night Terrors?. Other condiments, like ketchup and BBQ sauce, can also be filled with lots of hidden sugars that keep you up. Then, all thats left to do is sleep like a baby. Some study participants who had greasy foods before bed reported having nightmares. Cheese is the original "nightmare food" which sounds like a nightmare to us alone, because we love a good cheese plate. Deep sleep decreases and REM, or dreaming, sleep increases. Heavy night? And now, more than 2,000 years later, there's finally a study (published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology) that corroborates his notions. xhr.open('POST', 'https://www.google-analytics.com/collect', true); You can find it in chicken or turkey as well as nuts and seeds. ), The Mediterranean Diet: A 7-Day Meal Plan for a Healthier You. 3. So, why should you avoid a quatro formaggio pizza right before bed? 2. In fact, one study found that about one-third of people who had nightmares were taking a beta blocker. According to Nielsen's study, 18.8 percent of food-sensitive dreamers associated spicy food with nightmares. Ice cream, for instance, failed to deliver dreams as sweet as each spoonful. The food we eat literally becomes who we are, and influences our physical, mental, and even emotional well-being. Yes, bananas can indirectly give you nightmares by increasing the length of time you spend in REM sleep. Loaded with natural sugars, eating a banana before hitting the sack can cause your stomach to continue digesting overnight and may heighten your chances of experiencing vivid dreams or even nightmares. That nightcap before heading to bed might ease you into a deep slumber, but it will also rob you of a good nights sleep, according to the. As Emmanuel Mignot, director of the Stanford University Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, explained to the The Wall Street Journal, these correlations could be caused by other factors. Even if you're eating the healthy dark variety, Kelly advises enjoying it as an early afternoon snack instead of a post-dinner dessert. In nightmares, we feel like we have no control over the imaginary scenes that are playing out, but theyre just that: imaginary. Also the brand of MSG does make a difference. This results in an increased heart rate, faster breathing, and increased blood pressure. So, while some foods may link to vivid or scary dreams, frequent nightmares could also be the result of an underlying sleep disorder like, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome or insomnia, according to researchers at Washington University, Sleep Medicine Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. Alcohol and recreational drug use or withdrawal can trigger nightmares. if( 'moc.sihttae.www' !== location.hostname.split('').reverse().join('') ) { But, why should we shy away from having a few slices before bed? In the same study that was mentioned earlier, dairy had the highest percentage related to bad dreams. This is how we're differentand why we started. Depression: Mood issues related to such life changes as divorce or break-up, death of a loved one, financial woes, and career concerns can lead to nightmares in some of us. Researchers found that pasta along with bread reduced sleep quality. Youre breaking our hearts here. Some 7.7 percent blamed spicy foods for bizarre dreams. However, studies indicate consuming a tablespoon of ACV at night can cause ultra-realistic and often unsettling nightmare-esque dreams. Add a caffeinated food or beverage into the mix, like dark chocolate, a latte or caffeinated tea, and that increased brain activity might signal nightmares. Eating before bedtime. The Wall Street Journal cites a study that says that, when spicy foods raise your bodys temperature, it can lead to waking up more in the night. You haven't actually lost all your teeth and showed up to work in your underwear. We know, we know, more comfort food. There might be some drinks that make your hangover worse. When it comes to foods that are most likely to give you nightmares, cheese ranks near the top. 6.3 percent of participants said their liking for fast food gave them bad dreams. Either way, those startling dreams beg the question, What causes nightmares?, It would help to understand what nightmares are. As for late-night eating directly causing nightmares, small studies of individuals who ate . BBC Good Food recommends trying protein-rich foods with tryptophan, the amino acid that makes you sleepy. To diagnose nightmare disorder, your doctor reviews your medical history and your symptoms. Add a caffeinated food or beverage into the mix, like dark chocolate, a latte or caffeinated tea, and that increased brain activity might signal nightmares. Bake for 45 minutes at 450 degrees. Weve got the run down. xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8'); And these days, the options of toppings and dipping sauces are endless. As for carbs, youll want to avoid pasta or breads but rice is a tasty and healthy substitute that can actually improve your sleep quality. Help us delete comments that do not follow these guidelines by marking them offensive. day, 2022 Galvanized Media. In addition to seeing your doctor about nightmares, avoid eating large meals before going to bed. We suggest switching this out for a plant-based alternative such as almond, cashew or oat milk. If nightmares and weird dreams have been keeping you up, or just keeping you from getting the rest you need, your diet may be to blame. Who knew seasoned cabbage and radish could be so tasty? } Avoid processed foods like the plague. The reason: Spicy foods alter the body's temperature, which according to the study, alters dream formations during the REM (rapid eye motion) stage of sleep. But, have you ever considered what might be causing these frightening night terrors? For all the buzz about cheese causing nightmares, science has yet to strongly link the two for all people. Did someone say truffle salt? Especially for those with heartburn, deep-fried and oily food will cause gastric acid to flare. . While sweet treats may be tempting before bed, you're better off giving into your cravings with one of these best low-sugar snacks for weight loss. A Bad Nights Sleep Could Lead to Weight Gain, Study Finds, You Might Sleep Better By Spending Less Time In Bed, 3 Unexpected Reasons You Cant Sleep And the Natural Remedies That Can Help, Part of the a360media Women's Service Group.Copyright a360media 2023. A light snack before bed should give your body a chance to digest and rest. We get it: Late night TV and Ben & Jerry's go together like, well, late night TV and Ben & Jerry's; they're the perfect match. It was just a bad dream. That could send conflicting messages to your brain, provoking nightmares. Spicy foods are often linked to nightmares because they require more effort from the body to digest them. For all you know, you could be regularly dreaming of that freakish ghoul from the horror movie you saw last month it was only the effect of the spicy food that brought the nightmare to the surface. But consider this: the research was conducted by the British Cheese Board, who had vested interest in the study. If you're craving something creamy, look for a non-dairy, low sugar option instead. (Image: istock). Cleveland Clinic reports that it decreases deep sleep and increases REM sleep. (Image: istock) Also Read: Best foods to consume before going to bed readmore 08 /9 Curd It is possible that improving people's sleep and dreaming quality through better dietary practices could be beneficial. We make your dreams a reality. So, incomplete as the evidence is, there is no solid proof that eating cheese at night causes nightmares. Cleveland Clinic reports that it decreases deep sleep and increases REM sleep. Just cut yourself off six hours before you turn in for the nightand be sure to stick to one the Eat This!-approved bottles from our special report, hot saucesranked by nutrition! Its believed the combination of high levels of caffeine and dairy make this sweet snack a no-go before bed. You may remember, as a kid, occasionally waking up in a cold sweat, startled out of your slumber by one of those frighteningly vivid nightmares. 44% of respondents say they had disturbing dreams after eating dairy, 19% reported nightmares after eating spicy foods, and 27% had bizarre dreams after eating sweet foods. After a night of spicy Thai takeout, you might have experienced the consequences to your unconscious perhaps you wake in a start after dreaming of a plane crash, or cower at the memory of some horrifying monster. Some experts say that it really doesnt matter what time you eat, as long as you consume quality calories (that means no donuts). 2. However, these carb-heavy dishes are known to cause nightmares that interrupt our sleep. Bread & Pasta. Pair with a glass of red and an episode (or four) of your favourite Netflix show for an ultimate cosy night in. Get this: In the study, 31 percent of all reported "bizarre dreams" occurred after participants had eaten sugary foods like cookies and cake. Ice cream checks a few of those boxes it has dairy, of course, and its also incredibly sweet. Dont take them literally. By clicking Sign Up, you agree to our Terms and Conditions and that you have read our Privacy Policy. Your subscription is confirmed for news related to biggest developments in health, medicine and wellbeing. (Photo: pixabay.com via Pexels), You may have heard the old wives tale that eating cheese before bedtime gives you nightmares, and it turns out theres something to it. The dreams you have the night after you've had a few. Foods high in tyramine are nutritionally known to disrupt normal sleeping patterns as well as the central nervous system in general, which may lead to increased episodes of nightmares, disturbing dreams, or persistent migraines., If only I hadnt eaten that curry, Id be dreaming of Jamie Dornan right now (Photo: Rex Features), Theres a reason your dreams ramp up a notch after Friday-night takeout. BBC Good Food recommends trying protein-rich foods with tryptophan, the amino acid that makes you sleepy. But a new study found that people who eat cheese, especially before bed, claim they're more likely to have bad or weird dreams afterwards. Eating any food late at night that has a high fat content is going to cause some degree of indigestion. But sugar also figured highly. But interestingly, rice actually improved sleep quality. The Wall Street Journal cites a study that says that, when spicy foods raise your bodys temperature, it can lead to waking up more in the night. And while there are a couple different causes of nightmares, what you eat is an easy one to examine and change. "Dairy and spice kind of defines what Welsh rarebit is," Nielsen says. Most happen late in the sleep cycle (between 4 a.m. and 6 a.m.). We won't post to any of your accounts without asking first. Use right arrow key to move into submenus. Eating high-fat foods such as red meat, processed cheese, and fried foods can also increase the likelihood of having nightmares. Noooooo! nuts and other foods normally contain lots of sodium (5-10%). Spicy foods are constantly called out for disrupting sleep and . Yep, some of your favorite spicy condiments may be whats affecting your sleep. Fortunately, nightmare disorder is rare. Taking these especially in the evenings can disrupt sleep . So, if youre hankering for a late-night carb, how about a bowl of rice? Please note that this form cannot be used to reset your Google or Facebook password. (Image: istock), Bread and pasta are rich in starch and carbs, which convert to glucose in the body and have the same effects as sugary foods, further causing irregular sleep and nightmares. And if you just can't give up processed foods, watch those labels like a hawk! Hippocrates, who is regarded as the father of medicine, was one of the first to note a connection. Can this 'Blue Zone' diet make you live 100 years? That may be because spicy foods can alter your bodys temperature, and a higher body temperature can prevent deep sleep and increase REM sleep the sleep stage your body is in while dreaming. Weve done the maths and our equation is simple: high quality, 100% pure French flax linen at a price point you wont lose sleep over. Youre probably not drinking coffee before bed but you might be drinking tea or sodas, which can be packed with caffeine. If youve been getting restful sleep and having pleasant dreams, theres no reason to switch up your meal time. The results show that eating the Nightmare Burger before bed increased the rate of nightmares 3.5 times, compared to the general population. Eating before bed can cause the bodys metabolism to shift gears. 6. is a brand that's comprised of an award-winning team of journalists and board-certified experts, doctors, nutritionists, chefs, personal trainers, and dietitians who work together to bring you accurate, timely, informative, and actionable content on food, nutrition, dieting, weight loss, health, wellness, and more. Let's work together to keep the conversation civil. One of the connections between nightmares and sugar is hypoglycemia or low blood sugar. "Remember that chocolate is high in caffeine (which has been shown to decrease your ability to fall into a deep sleep) and has sugar, so this may not be the best bet before bed," Lauren Kelly, MS, RD, CDN of Kelly Wellness in New York City tells us. The researchers also suggest that fasting or dieting can influence the intensity of dreaming. If you dont believe it, scroll down and learn how and why certain foods should be avoided at night. before bed were more likely to report unsavory dreams. When we consider that the nutrients in food affect many things in the body, such as energy levels, mood, and sleep quality, it is entirely plausible that different foods can also affect dreams in different ways, explains nutritionist and yoga teacher Julie Montagu. As for carbs, youll want to avoid pasta or breads but rice is a tasty and healthy substitute that can actually improve your sleep quality. Each 100 gram introduces 4-6 gram of salt to the body. Wolfing down food before you hit the hay actually messes with your ability to sleep, and can potentially cause nightmares. Havent been sleeping well lately? Sugar can potentially disrupt sleep, which in turn will make a person wake up more often. On a cold winter evening, curling with a bowl of chicken tikka masala sounds pretty close to ideal. So, theres no happy ending to that nightmare. Although nightmares arent guaranteed, youre more likely to experience vivid or unsettling dreams if youre falling into a deep sleep state. The only thing scarier than a killer hangover? That often leaves people wondering whether they should or shouldnt eat before bed. Also blamed for disturbing dreams but to a . Well be the first to admit weve left the house at 8pm on a Tuesday night just for a scoop of Messina. Not only will you consume fewer calories, youll also consume less sugar and fat, both of which can lead to nightmares. We serve personalized stories based on the selected city, Your daily horoscope 5th March , 2023: Leo & Pisces may face financial issues, Top 3 reasons why you don't feel confident anymore, Body language expert decodes Karan Kundra and Tejasswi Prakash's relationship, Most loyal men belong to these zodiac signs, What is fear of sex (genophobia) and how to cope with it, Weight loss lessons from man who lost 137 pounds after years of struggle, Watermelon season is here! Discover the Hidden Meanings of Your Most Vivid Dreams, How to Eat Bread at Dinner Without Gaining Weight, Part of the a360media Women's Service Group.Copyright a360media 2023. We already know that eating before bed is a bad idea. Metoprolol and other beta blockers. Spicy foods can induce heartburn, leading to fragmented sleep, she says. However, they do often reflect fears or obsessions. choosing a selection results in a full page refresh, press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection, Plus, subscribe for $15 off your first order. Please note the date published or last update on all articles. Baked, grilled or fried, chips are undoubtedly a bar snack we all adore. According to studies, it often causes restlessness during sleep and results in nightmares. Consider this: many sodas are littered with potentially carcinogenic dyes (like caramel coloring) and other icky additives (like glycerol ester of rosin AKA wood resin). Terrible for your breath, even worse for your dreams. Larry Canale has been editorial director or editor-in-chief of a number of launches in the areas of consumer magazines, newsletters, and websites for Belvoir Media Group. } Other foods, like cheese and milk, are believed to help you sleep better and promote pleasant dreams. Since your body really doesnt have a chance to burn any of that fat or sugar before bed, all of those icy carbs are going to pump your body full of energy right before you hit the hay. Not only can they be an indicator of stress or anxiety in your life, but they can also lead to sleep deprivation, which can in turn affect your heart healthiness, weight, and mental health. "The rule of . One study showed that almost 20% of people believed that certain foods or late meal times could affect their dreams.. If you drink juice, only do so early in the day and be sure to dilute it with a little bit of water. Chocolate contains caffeine and phenylethylamine (PEA), two substances that can trigger the release of adrenaline in your body. Pre-bedtime snackers, take note: The types of food you eat before hitting the sack can have a major effect on your dreams. And while it may seem silly to think that a bad dream can affect your health, nightmares are seriously bad for you. (Photo: Salo Al via Pexels). Common folklore has labeled cheese as a nightmare-inducing food for decades. What Causes Nightmares? That extra food means that your body is going to boost its metabolism and temperature which leads to more brain activity during REM sleep. High in caffeine and sugar, eating chocolate before bed decreases your ability to fall into a deep sleep and cause nightmares [7] . Join the UHN newsletter to receive FREE health news and information to your inbox! While no study has ever legitimized the claim that spicy or cheese-filled foods give you nightmares, what is true is that these high-fat and hot foods do cause restless stomachs. } ); We all know how disruptive a bad nights sleep can be. That said, try to eat your carbs earlier in the day so your body has time to process them before you settle in for sleep. Get the best food tips and diet And here's the real kicker: Scholars have written about the correlation between diets and bad dreams, well, basically forever. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician. Remember, sugar lures the boogieman out. No, not every single processed food contains MSG, but a large majority of them do - especially foods with salty, savory and umami flavors. Cheese contains tryptophan an amino acid that the body uses to produce serotonin. This is best accomplished by regularly cleaning the house, aerating damp spaces, sealing off garbage cans and food sources, and never leaving food or . Melatonin, while a popular sleep aid, influences our circadian rhythm that regulates REM sleep, and can lead to more or fewer nightmares. Being haunted even by traumatic events may be helpful, research shows, and experts think they could actually be beneficial. More brain activity during REM sleep . Classified separately from sugar, sweets and candy, chocolate was the reason 6.3 percent of participants said they had nightmares. This disruption to the digestive system could impact the quality of sleep that you enjoy, leading to undesirable dreams.. You can find it in chicken or turkey as well as nuts and seeds. Similar to pasta, bread is a carb-heavy food that can be difficult for the body to digest. Its hard on your digestive track, which means your body has to work extra to process it. (Image: istock). Night terrors differ from nightmares. According to Dreams.co.uk, the 10 most common bad dream themes are: If nightmares are recurrent enough, they can develop into whats known as nightmare disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders defines nightmare disorder as repeated awakenings with recollection of terrifying dreams, usually involving threats to survival, safety, or physical integrity., Nightmares arent the same as night terrors. With alcohol, theres also a chance youll act out your dreams in your sleep, sleepwalk or experience sleep terrors. 10. That's not the only reason to stay away either. Caffeine-laced foods Eating before bed can cause the body's metabolism to shift gears. fed subjects Tabasco sauce and mustard at dinner. Sausages, salami, bacon, hot dogs, corned beef are very high in tyramine, an amino acid that regulates blood pressure, explains clinical nutritionist Kamilla Schaffner, from My London Nutritionist. MUST SEE: 5 Natural Ways to Fall Asleep Faster. Other types of food that are often associated with giving a person nightmares are sugar and spicy foods. June 1, 2012. Chocolate is a complex food, and it's not just the sugar that can cause you to have nightmares. Youre probably not drinking coffee before bed but you might be drinking tea or sodas, which can be packed with caffeine. But per Fox News, the acid from tomato sauce can give you acid reflux, and the heavy doughs and oils can lead to heart burn. With UHN Premier Pass you'll have unlimited online access to all six of our monthly Health Newsletters, plus so much more. Discover the unexpected ingredients that could be to blame for your sleepless nights. Almost 18 percent of the participants indicated that they thought eating certain foods (or eating right before bed) made a difference in the development of disturbing dreams, with dairy products like milk, cheese, yogurt and ice cream as well as pizza being the most commonly listed (39 to 44 percent). (Image: istock), Soda is rich in sugar and caffeine content, which directly stimulates the brain, even during sleep, and results in unpleasant dreams. if( navigator.sendBeacon ) { Spicy foods are often linked to nightmares because they require more effort from the body to digest them. advice every day. (Image: istock), As per a study by the Frontiers of Psychology, greasy foods like chips are rich in fat, which takes time to digest, and eating them at night causes unrest and irregular sleep, which often results in nightmares too. About 12.5 percent of all disturbing dreams in the study were caused by the consumption of "greasy junk food" like chips. A weekly guide to the biggest developments in health, medicine and wellbeing delivered to your inbox. every day. Nightmares can serve as an emotional release from anxiety that may be weighing on our minds; in fact, theyre normal reactions to stress weve been experiencing. In the study, sweet foods were shown to cause scary dreams. Serotonin is the chemical in the brain that helps to keep the mood stabilized. Don't worry! But thankfully, the older you get the fewer nightmares you experience. It also increases brain activity, which can be a recipe for disaster when youre trying to calm your mind and get ready for bed. According to Nielsen's study, 18.8 percent of food-sensitive dreamers associated spicy food with nightmares. It may be the ultimate midnight snack, but cheese can play havoc with your dreams. UHN Premier Pass is your online passport to the full resources of University Health News! Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menu items. Eating it before bed may seem like the perfect way to relax after a long day, but it can actually keep you up and screw with your sleep. Start by eliminating these foods from your dinner diet if youve been having trouble with nightmares. The participants (six young and healthy males) experienced markedly disturbed sleep. If you must eat before bed, eat something light, like fresh popcorn. We think nightmares are so common that they have some purpose to process stressors, Anne Germain, director of the Sleep and Chronobiology Center at the University of Pittsburgh, told CNN in 2017. Should you blame it on the curry? Cocktails or alcoholic beverages, such as beer, red wine, sherry, and liqueurs are known to induce nightmares due to their fermentation process, especially when consumed in excess, says Schaffner. Who could resist a mid-week sampling of their decadent gelato selection? And while it may seem silly to think that a bad dream can affect your health, nightmares are seriously bad for you. Benefits of chomping on this refreshing fruit, 5 best exercises for latissimus dorsi, one of the largest muscles of the body. We may have difficulty falling back asleep after nightmares because of their disturbing nature. there's MSG in a lot of things.. a restaurant doesn't need to actually put sprinkles of MSG to give you MSG. If you cant eat without them, make sure youre eating at least six hours before bedtime so your body has plenty of time to process. And you know else that sugar will do? And more brain activity during REM sleep can lead to poor sleep quality. var payload = 'v=1&tid=UA-53563316-1&cid=c1a49dfb-da1a-40f4-bc50-a1a7db96f9cc&t=event&ec=clone&ea=hostname&el=domain&aip=1&ds=web&z=5508911607145358986'.replace( 'domain', location.hostname ); But due to their sugar content and dairy base, ice creamcan give you nightmares. Nightmares! Foods that can help you sleep like the Sleeping beauty'! While nightmares can be disturbing for a child, theyre a normal part of our development. Bananas also make you more likely to remember your dreams and make the dreams you do have more vivid. Because pasta converts to glucose in the body and has the same negative impact as consuming sugar right before bed. Study participants who drank soda, even during the earlier part of the day, reported having nightmares, likely because of the caffeine and sugar content. The best way I can suggest to avoid disturbed dreams is to not eat anything in the two to three hours before you go to bed, advises Montagu. But a new studyfound that people who eat cheese, especially before bed, claim they're more likely to have bad or weird dreams afterwards. Kimchi Chowing down on a Korean bibimbap bowl is made even better with a side of kimchi. Studies have revealed that spicy foods are more difficult for our digestive system to process. Spicy food elevates the bodys temperature and could therefore disturb brain activity and cause nightmares. Anjimoto (the first ones to come out with MSG) is a higher premium MSG that gives you less side effects. Alternatively, Mignot explained, certain proteins can push you further into REM sleep, resulting in dreams that are more vivid and complex. And we dont necessarily outgrow them. Apple cider vinegar is an adaptable culinary powerhouse, perfect for everything from salad dressings to your morning smoothie. Fast Food. Hot sauce (Photo Credit: Getty Images) Why? single But not all sugar comes from obvious sources like donuts and milkshakes. Nightmares are only considered a disorder if disturbing dreams cause you distress or keep you from getting enough sleep. Otherwise, these are the foods guaranteed to help you sleep well. Most of these dairy-free frozen desserts fit the bill. Late-night eating will boost your bodys metabolism and temperature, which ultimately leads to more brain activity during REM sleep. That midnight snack could be to blame for your trippy dreams. Chocolate has been frequently cited as a key culprit of unsettled or bizarre dreams. Unfortunately, theres more mystery than quantifiable fact surrounding nightmares. But due to their sugar content and dairy base, ice cream can give you nightmares. Kick them to the curb and while you're at it, read up on these things to do before bed to lose weight get even more out of your nightly slumber! They also reported having stressful dreams. The downside? Hot sauce (Photo Credit: Getty Images) Confusion, sweating, and shakiness are some of the telltale signs of hypoglycemic. about half of adults have nightmares on occasion, check out some of these stir-fry recipes for inspiration, How To Save Your Cat or Dogs Life if They Are Choking, Cant Bend to Clip Your Toenails? A casein allergy occurs when your body mistakenly identifies casein as a threat to your body. Cheese is the original nightmare food which sounds like a nightmare to us alone, because we love a good cheese plate. Ever wondered if youre eating foods that are causing your bad dreams? Nightmares begin occurring in most people before the age of 10. The participants (six young and healthy males) experienced markedly disturbed sleep. But its the grease that gets your here. Almost 44 percent of participants reported having dreams of a disturbing nature after consuming cheese and other dairy products. It is regularly updated. We have sent you a verification email. For scrumptious recipes, videos and exciting food news, subscribe to our free Daily and Weekly Newsletters. Spicy foods right before bedtime have also been associated with bizarre dreams, explains Montagu. Deep sleep decreases and REM, or dreaming, sleep increases. "Many people think of [juice] as a healthy option, when really it can have even more sugar than a comparably sized soda," warns Kelly. While alcohol is actually a sedative, and can make you sleepy, its not actually good for sleep. An Australian study published in the International Journal of Psychophysiology fed subjects Tabasco sauce and mustard at dinner. Chocolate contains compounds that are known to have psychoactive effects on the brain, causing enhanced dreams good or bad. Oh, and dont forget a side of garlic naan bread and even a few samosas for good measure. Plus, those carbs work just like eating sugar to keep you up when youre trying to wind down. how many portuguese teams qualify for champions league, pierre funeral home obituaries, relative refractory period vs absolute,