millionaire's row laurel hill cemetery millionaire's row laurel hill cemetery

National Register of Historic Places NRIS Number: 77001185, Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress), Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. English. [21], In 1913, a Doric receiving vault made of terra cotta was built in South Laurel Hill near the bridge connecting it to Central Laurel Hill. Cemetery Map PDF Location and Phone 4523 Love Rd., Erie, PA 16506 Phone: 814-833-4401 Fax: 814-833-4104 Hours Office Monday to Thursday 8 a.m. to 4 p.m Friday 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m Cemetery Grounds Open during daylight hours as long as the gates are open. USD ($). Photograph. Browse our curated collections! The land Smith purchased for the cemetery in 1836 had previously served as, among other things, an estate and a boarding school. Tour the abandoned Tennessee ghost town where millionaires vacationed 1 of 28 Abandoned Southeast The affluent mountain retreat that time forgot Hidden within the forests of the Great Smoky Mountains lies a forgotten holiday haven once frequented by East Tennessee's wealthiest families. Founded in 1836 as an alternative to the overcrowded churchyards of rapidly growing Philadelphia, Laurel Hill Cemetery was the first rural cemetery for the city and the second in the United States. This massive 74 acres with beautiful historic gardens, overlooks the Schuykill River. - Smith decided to open the cemetery after witnessing the macabre state of the period's graveyards: overcrowding, disorder, and . Any of these women who were married to men with money, you didnt hear a lot about them. Writer Andrew Jackson Downing reported "nearly 30,000 personsentered the gates between April and December, 1848. The original planner of the Laurel Hill Cemetery was interested in botany and planted over 2,400 trees that are now mature and scattered across the property, as well as concentrated in arboretum-like copses. PA-1811-44) - Laurel Hill Cemetery, 3822 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA. No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. CAD ($) Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. The Library of Congress does notown rights to material in its collections. But the freestanding granite mausoleum was perhaps most emblematic of all. Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia County -- Philadelphia. 1930 photo, a Laurel Hill worker cleans the family mausoleum of George W. Childs (1829-94), one of Philadelphia's leading book and newspaper publishers. What people didwas rehabilitate. With all the Autumn colour in the trees, it was a rather beautiful spot for a wander even regardless of the history and funerary sculpture. Families who had moved in for the peace and quiet began feeling uneasy with the increasing activity, and many began looking east toward "The Heights" for a suburban escape. Historic American Buildings Survey, Creator, John Notman, James C Sidney, John Jay Smith, Frederick Brown, Nathan Dunn, William Strickland, et al., Smalling, Walter, Jack E Boucher, and Joe Elliott, photographer. Follow Backgrounders on Twitter Henry Disston had been an immigrant from England, said Carol Yaster, the board president of Friends of Laurel Hill Cemetery. His latest work, Sesqui! But then again, neither are Atlantic City and Tacony. They found a place for it in Laurel Hill. (509) 674-2262 Phone. LAUREL HILL CEMETERY; For a video tour of each location, click on the screenshot. Cemetery Headstones Cemetery Art Cemetary Gravestone Tombstone Cemetery Monuments Bonaventure Cemetery Garden Sculpture Lion Sculpture More information . The Warner lot is an example of the elaborate family or dynasty plots that filled Central Laurel Hill in the years after the Civil War. In early 1836, Smith and his associates acquired Laurel Hill, a 32-acre estate on the east bank of the Schuylkill River, near the Falls of Schuylkill (later East Falls). An idealized view of Laurel Hill Cemetery, issued by the New York firm of Goupil, Vibert & Co. in 1848, looks west from Ford Road, today's Clearfield Avenue. Laurel Hills decline accelerated after World War II, when the cemetery and surrounding community were beset by financial instability, neglect, and vandalism. The location chosen was Belle Air Avenue (now Belair Road), on a hill long used as a burial ground for free and enslaved servants of local landowners. There are no comments for Henry Disston Monument on Millionaires' Row at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. You can see millionaires row and get a glance at how the other half live. Such beauty once lined Euclid Avenue in the form of breathtaking mansions, exquisite gardens, and lavish lifestyles. Laurel Hill Cemetery,Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA. The organization was instrumental in Laurel Hill Cemetery's placement on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 and designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1998. stone carving, - Another family that might be of interest for those visiting the Millionaires Row may be the Magee mausoleum. Printed Ephemera Collection; Portfolio 201, Folder 26. https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, People Associated With Politics & Government, Scientists and People in Science-Related Occupations, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information, Laurel Hill Cemetery, Gate House, 3822 Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA, Germantown Friends Meeting House, 47 West Coulter Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA, The New Public Buildings, Penn Square, Broad & Market Streets, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA, Fairmount Park, Along Schuylkill River, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA, Frankford (Preparative) Friends Meeting House, Corner of Unity & Waln Streets, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA. Philadelphia, January 5th, 1787. Numerous prominent people are buried at the Cemetery, including many of Philadelphias leading industrial magnates. Following the Great Depression, the decline of Millionaires' Row was rapid. A memorial at Laurel Hill County Park pays tribute to the dead excavated from Snake Hill during a construction project on the New Jersey Turnpike in 2003. Looking for design inspiration? Currency:USD ($) The Cornelius Vanderbilt II House was a large mansion built in 1883 at 1 West 57th Street in the heart of Millionaire's Row, constructed for Cornelius Vanderbilt II, the eldest grandson of. The photograph may be purchased as wall art, home decor, apparel, phone cases, greeting cards, and more. Designs for the cemetery were submitted by William Strickland and Thomas Ustick Walter[12] but the commission selected Scottish-American architect John Notman. AUD ($) "The Silent Sentry" was stolen from Mount Moriah Cemetery in 1970 but was recovered and rededicated in Laurel Hill in 2013. JPY () CENTRAL SECTION, MILLIONAIRE'S ROW (DUPLICATE OF HABS No. The area's twenty-first-century assets range from its Parliament to its pandas, the latter presented to the city's beautifully situated zoo on Corstorphine Hill in 2011 by the People's Republic of China. From celebrity tombs at Laurel Hill Cemetery to legendary locals, these are the most well-known people whose final resting place is Laurel Hill Cemetery. In 1869, John Jay Smith, the founder of Laurel Hill Cemetery, purchased 200 acres from three farms in nearby Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania for the creation of West Laurel Hill Cemetery. Despite his wealth, Drury was also known for his kindness and generosity, treating his servants like family and even allowing them to host weddings in his home. Documentation Compiled After. [25], Laurel Hill Cemetery is also an accredited arboretum with over 6,000 trees and shrubs representing 700 species. (Emma Lee/WHYY) More than 30,000 cars zip by on Kelly Drive alongside the Schuylkill River every day, according to Nancy Goldenberg, president and CEO of the Laurel Hill Cemetery, which overlooks the riverbank. Philadelphia, PA: Friends of Laurel Hill Cemetery, 2011. His first wife died during childbirth. color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of Love local history? This article is about the Philadelphia cemetery. Philadelphia, PA: The Athenaeum of Philadelphia, 1979. To increase its cachet, the cemetery's organizers had the remains of several famous Revolutionary War figures moved there, including Continental Congress secretary Charles Thomson; Declaration of Independence signer Thomas McKean; Philadelphia war veteran and shipbuilder Jehu Eyre; hero of the Battle of Princeton, Hugh Mercer; and first director of the U.S. Mint, David Rittenhouse. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Thank you! The subscriber should think himself wanting in gratitude to his kind Circular. So it took a court battle to see if a rehabilitation hospital would be the same as the convalescent hospital that Anna Justina had in mind. Laurel Hill Cemetery Association in Saco 293 Beach St Saco, ME 04006 (207) 282-9351 Click to show location on map Zoom About Laurel Hill Cemetery Association The caring memorial service directors at Laurel Hill Cemetery Association provide specialised funeral solutions designed to meet the needs of every family. Pinterest. Today. Laurel Cemetery was incorporated in 1852 as Baltimore's first nondenominational cemetery for African Americans. As it developed in the late 19th century, the main axis of Central Laurel Hill became a corridor of stone. Marion began the popular tradition of nighttime Halloween tours, and the Friends successfully nominated the cemetery for the National Register of Historic Places and for designation as a National Historic Landmark. Years before Philadelphia had a public park, art museum, or arboretum, Laurel Hill Cemetery served in all three capacities. Love Cleveland? The area touted as the most expensive neighborhood in the nation, exceeding even New York's Fifth Avenue. I would definitely buy from this artist again. Post #1 (General George Gordon Meade) held an elaborate memorial service at Meades grave on Memorial Day, as shown by this photo from May 31, 1901. By the early twenty-first century, thousands of visitors each year attended public programs at Laurel Hill, including concerts, theatrical performances, photo workshops, films, ghost hunts, car shows, astronomy nights and walking tours. [22], In 1973, Laurel Hill updated its policy and removed the prohibition on the burial of African-Americans in the cemetery. The site opened as Lone Mountain Cemetery June 28, 1854 and was renamed Laurel Hill Cemetery in 1867. Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram Click here to post the first comment. Copyright 2023 Pixels.com - All Rights Reserved. Upcoming Services ; Pre-Planning ; Cemetery Offerings . Lewis, Michael J. Elegantly dressed promenaders enjoy Laurel Hills elaborate monuments, its summer pavilion (at far right), and the view down the Schuylkill River to the city of Philadelphia. Henry Disston Monument on Millionaires' Row at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia is a photograph by Linda Stern which was uploaded on September 25th, 2018. Millionaires Row. Before the creation of Golden Gate Park, the cemetery was a favorite spot for family outings . After the war, he retired to Philadelphia, whose citizens presented him with a house at 1836 Delancey Place. Cemetery & Funeral Offerings Our compassionate staff is here to assist with an array of services - from planning a funeral, pre-planning, selecting property, and more. The speeches were given Petrified man. Today, the Meade Society perpetuates the tradition with a graveside service and champagne toast on Meades birthday, December 31. Among those reburied at Laurel Hill were Continental Congress Secretary Charles Thomson (1729-1824), taken from his wifes Lower Merion estate, Harriton; David Rittenhouse (1732-96), astronomer and first Director of the Mint, removed from his family farm in Germantown; and Hugh Mercer (1726-77), hero of the Battle of Princeton, whose remains were disinterred from under the central aisle at Christ Church and transported up the Schuylkill on a funeral barge. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as For the gatehouse, Notman designed a massive Roman arch framed by an imposing classical colonnade, and topped by a large ornamental urn. A.V. In an editorial upon the death of Henry Disston, the pubic Ledger of March 15, 1878, said, in part: "He was one of the men whose works have made our city famous for the superiority of the products turned out from our workshops, foundries, factories and laboratories. The commission, however, went to a young Scottish immigrant named John Notman (1810-65). Significance: Philadelphia's Laurel Hill Cemetery constitutes the second major rural cemetery in the United States. John Jay Smiths inability to locate his daughters grave there, after construction on the adjacent meeting house, was a major impetus in his decision to found Laurel Hill. Watch. PA-1811, Laurel Hill Cemetery sculptures, Association for Public Art website, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laurel_Hill_Cemetery&oldid=1142680429, Exotic Revival, Gothic, Classical Revival, In 2009, Laurel Hill was a movie location for the films, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 20:25. 3 (July 1987): 275-304. Learn More. Quakers, - Engravers usually exercised creative license for prints like this, gathering all of Laurel Hills most elegant monuments into one imaginary landscape. It's 50 feet tall and covers 325 square feet (about the size of the average U.S. hotel room). CXXX, No. 1930 photo, a Laurel Hill worker cleans the family mausoleum of George W. Childs (1829-94), one of Philadelphias leading book and newspaper publishers. As he got more money, he developed a community for his workers. Rising 100 feet above the river, Laurel Hills well-drained soil made it ideal for a cemetery. But times had changed, as Yaster pointed out. Reviewed August 4, 2015 . The cemetery is 74-acre (300,000m2) in size and overlooks the Schuylkill River. Near it is the bronze sculpture by Francis Minturn Sedgewick that pays tribute to California's pioneers - those buried from the original Laurel Hill cemetery. Cemetery literature promised all of these things. You must know, that it is above ten years since I left the Coolidge Speech: Address . He had other qualities quite as essential to the great mechanic; he was industrious, hopeful and persevering; confident that superiority of workmanship must win success; confident that he could turn out superior work, and resolute in the endeavor to make his tools the best of their kind. In the background, John Notman's Gothic chapel can be seen to the right of his neoclassical gatehouse; while at left, a funeral cortege, complete with hearse and mourners' carriages, advances along Ridge Pike toward the cemetery. He guided the cemetery's planting and promotion, and in the process earned an influential voice in horticulture and cemetery management. In early 1836, the group organized formally as the Laurel Hill Cemetery Company. At the top of the mound is a towering obelisk done by Vladimir Oslou for the centennial of Cypress Lawn in 1992. (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.). Famous and Curious Cemeteries. Described as the richest and most influential woman in the 19th century of Northeast Philadelphia by an old clipping shown by Yaster, Mary certainly knew what she was doing. Strolling through it, the history seems quite distant and sometimes hard to relate to. Constructed in 1876, this grand Victorian Villa was among the last remnants of Millionaires' Row to be razed. The smaller graves in the background were moved from a Center City churchyard when the Warner family purchased their Laurel Hill lot. Unfortunately I do not have the prints I ordered: both were given as gifts. They also saw burial as lucrative business. Zantzinger, C C - Centennial Exposition - Cresson - Price, Eli Kirk - Philadelphia Girls Rowing Club - Fairmount Park Art Association - Harrison, Sarah - Bacon, Henry - George, Rebecca - Borie, C J Zantzinger, C C - Centennial Exposition - Cresson - Price, Eli Kirk - Philadelphia Girls Rowing Club - Fairmount Park Art Association - Harrison, Sarah - Bacon, Henry - George, Rebecca - Borie, C J - Harrison - Scharzmann, Hermann Joseph - Wetherill, John Price - Ali, Maria F - White, James - Wunsch, Aaron V - Michaux, Francois Andre - Greber, Jacques - White, Stanford - Zaiss, P - Wilstach, W P - Saunders, William - Barings Family - Rush, William - Kirn, Herman - Sidney & Adams - Kneass, Strickland - Loyd, Isaac - Adams, Andrew - Vasquez, J Raul - Gregoire, Shawn a - Arzola, Robert - Hodge, Jonathan - Blue Devil Barge Club - Pratt, Henry - Simpson, William - Catholic Total Abstinence Societies of Philadelphia - Holme, Thomas - Taylor, Knowles - George, Jesse - Olmsted, Frederick Law - Palles, Andrew - Ware, William Robert - Copeland, Robert Morris - Hatfield, Martin & White - Sidney, James Charles - Trumbauer, Horace - Schuylkill Navy - Imp Barge Club - Morris, Robert - Sidney, James C - Vaux, Calvert - Graff, Frederick - Fairmount Park Commission - Historic American Buildings Survey - Burnham, Daniel, Photo(s): 13 | Measured Drawing(s): 4 | Data Page(s): 21 | Photo Caption Page(s): 2, Ienulescu, Irina Madalina - Heacock & Platt - Historic American Buildings Survey - Lavoie, Catherine C - Price, Virginia Barrett - White, John P - Boucher, Jack E - Arzola, Robert R - Schweitzer, Elaine. The 400-foot tower, located on Hill Island in Ontario, has three observation decks a with spectacular views of the Thousand Islands and St. Lawrence River. Beautiful picture, as usual. https://www.loc.gov/item/pa0961/. This 1885 Victorian Gothic must have been stunning throughout its five floors. Many of these oligarchs were laid to rest in imposing mausoleums along Millionaires Row, overlooking Hunting Park Avenue. The other monuments in the foreground also represent elaborately carved sarcophagi. Documentation Compiled After. In an era before public parks, museums and arboretums, it was a multi-purpose cultural attraction[14] where the general public could experience the art and refinement previously known only to the wealthy. The school converted it into a women's dormitory from 1943 until it was razed in 1951. He conceived the idea of Laurel Hill when he was unable to locate the grave of a young daughter at the Arch Street Meeting House. Our framed prints are assembled, packaged, and shipped by our expert framing staff and delivered "ready to hang" with pre-attached hanging wire, mounting hooks, and nails. [4] With these additions, the cemetery reached the current size of approximately 95 acres. ", Viewed 394 Times-Last Visitor from Rockford, IL on 02/27/2023 at 6:10 AM, Add This Artwork to Your Favorites Collection. Old Mortality was the first thing seen by visitors to Laurel Hill after passing through the gatehouse. Laurel Hill Cemetery doubles as a Hollywood movie set video. Sign up for our newsletter for exclusive deals, discount codes, and more. Statue-capped obelisks, ponderous sarcophagi, and granite enclosures typified high-end production of the era. the original in color by citing the Call Number listed above and including the catalog The best hidden gems and little known destinations - straight to your inbox. . [18], The cemetery association restricted who could buy lots and the majority of burials were for white Protestants. The average lot size of 120 square feet allowed not only for burial of many more family members than a small urban churchyard lot but also for the erection of an imposing monument by Notman, William Strickland (1788-1854), or another noted architect. 1844 print above. Browse our curated collections! By 1876, there were more than twenty rural cemeteries in the Philadelphia region, many catering to specific religious and racial groups. The arboretum is a member of the American Public Gardens Association. From its inception, Laurel Hill was intended as a civic institution designed for public use. When the auto-complete results are available, use the up and down arrows to review and Enter to select. These 11 photos will take you back in time and make you long to see such splendor in the city once again: Though this gorgeous neighborhood is mostly gone these days, a few artifacts and buildings from its heyday still remain. Following the decline of Millionaires' Row, his home was acquired by Fenn College. The cemetery managers purchased a statuary group known as Old Mortality from the Scottish sculptor James Thom and placed it in the central courtyard, within a Tudor enclosure designed by Notman. Smith wrote, "Philadelphia should have a rural cemetery on dry ground, where feelings should not be harrowed by viewing the bodies of beloved relatives plunged into mud and water."[9]. Across the Delaware River in Camden, New Jersey, Harleigh Cemetery became the final resting place of poet Walt Whitman (1819-92). Imprint 2.; Not in Evans. B. In this ca. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. Jan 18, 2014 - Millionaires' Row, Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, PA. Jan 18, 2014 - Millionaires' Row, Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, PA. Pinterest. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. Along with other benefits, he hoped that a public park would reduce the number of visitors to his cemetery. An impressive. before the American Legion Convention at Omaha, Nebraska, October 6, Great attraction! In an era when cities suffered from crowding, disease, and scarcity of public space, Laurel Hill offered an "alternative environment." Born in 1825, Eells became the president of the Commercial National Bank and was worth . patriotism, - USD ($). Spawned by a New Jersey Quaker's interest in horticulture, commemoration, and elite enterprise, it is an essay in Victorian taste and mores. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: M. Ehret Mausoleum on Millionaire's Row, Laurel Hill Cemetery.jpg. After several patents and an investment in the street railways of Indianapolis, Johnson was able to move to Millionaires' Row in 1883. Its remote location, nearly four miles northwest of Vine Street (then Philadelphias northern boundary), seemed likely to remain bucolic indefinitely. Afrikaans| Alemannisch| | | azrbaycanca| Bikol Central| | ()| | | brezhoneg| catal| etina| Cymraeg| dansk| Deutsch| Zazaki| | English| Esperanto| espaol| eesti| euskara| | suomi| franais| Frysk| Gaeilge| galego| | | hrvatski| magyar| | Bahasa Indonesia| Ido| italiano| | | | | Ltzebuergesch| latvieu| Malagasy| | | Bahasa Melayu| Malti| norsk bokml| | Nederlands| norsk nynorsk| norsk| polski| portugus| portugus do Brasil| romn| | sicilianu| davvismegiella| slovenina| slovenina| shqip| / srpski| svenska| | Tagalog| Trke| | | | | | | | | +/. Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the [19], During and after the American Civil War, Laurel Hill became the final resting place of hundreds of military figures, including 40 Civil War-era generals. The cemetery features a special section, nicknamed Millionaires Row, for all of the most wealthy residents that it holds. Millionaire's row. January 28, 2021 - Millionaire's Row is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. immigrants, - Cleveland owes much of its growth to its earliest and most influential industrialists, including John D. Rockefeller and John L. Severance. [4] It is affiliated with West Laurel Hill Cemetery in nearby Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania and is an accredited arboretum with over 6,000 trees and shrubs representing 700 species. By the 1910s, Cleveland's commercial district was moving east and encroaching on the cozy residential neighborhoods. "Henry Disston created a new American industry. As Laurel Hill's visitation statistics fueled the Victorian crusade for urban parks, lot-holders built higher fences and managers wrote more restrictive rules. Gary Walts | gwalts . Laurel Hill Cemetery, located on 3822 Ridge Ave., is home to the mausoleum of the Disston family, among other famous elite families of Victorian Philadelphia. suburban life, - Extending four miles along Euclid Avenue between Public Square and East 105th Street, Millionaires' Row stood as an unbroken row of stone, brick, and shingle-sided extravagance of more than 300 mansions. John Jay Smith planted 800 trees and shrubs, creating the lush landscape seen in the ca. Laurel Hill is America's second major rural garden cemetery, on bluffs overlooking the scenic Schuylkill River. Contributor: Laurel Hill Cemetery Company - Hamilton, John M - Struthers, William - Maples, Joseph - Hopkins, Griffith M - Michael Diemer & Son - Smith, R Morris - Wunsch, Aaron V - McArthur, John - Neff, James P, W . The first rural cemetery in the United States, Mount Auburn, was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1831. (Author information current at time of publication.). If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. Great prices too and a huge selection. (509) 674-4097 Fax. Wunsch, Aaron V. National Historic Landmark Nomination, submitted February 25, 1998. "Henry Disston was a born mechanic, in the comprehensive meaning of the term. Sir. The Yellow Fever Monument was built in this section in 1859 to honor the "Doctors, Druggists and Nurses" who helped fight the epidemic in Portsmouth, Virginia. One of America's earliest Rural Garden Cemeteries, Laurel Hill serves the city of Philadelphia as one city's most historic burial grounds. - Eli Kirk Price (1797-1884), one of the parks original commissioners, was also a founder of The Woodlands. The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History. You can find useful information below for these notable people buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery, like what year and where the person was born. Before the founding of Laurel Hill, most Philadelphians were buried in one of three places, depending on their social and economic status. They raised funds to restore landscaping, public buildings, and hundreds of monuments. For information about reproducing, publishing, and citing material from this collection, as well as access to the original items, see: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information, If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. Names such as Rittenhouse, Widener, Elkins and Strawbridge certainly pique local interests, but Laurel Hill also appeals to a national audience. ofGreaterPhiladelphia. All laurel hill cemetery artwork ships within 48 hours and includes a 30-day money-back guarantee. In his original design for Fairmount Park, James Clark Sidney (c. 1819-81) incorporated many elements from his layout of South Laurel Hill in the 1850s.