The symptoms of CARB syndrome overlap with many traditional brain disorders creating a diagnostic and therapeutic mess. Hes more like a high-life self deluded fool. I even bet his customers sat at home eatting popcorn and drinking gin and call one another after every show and roll with laughter at how gullible the people are that attend the show. He is passionate about his books and has a very large knowledge of nutrition and medicine. Good fats and fibre abound in avocados. Master Notes For Dawdle Draught in Harry Potter. It ran for about an hour! But heating reduces the quantity of lectins in oats, thus making oatmeal with them may lessen their lectin content. Dr. Gundry has operated in over 30 countries, including charitable missions to Zimbabwe, India, and China. He is married to Penny and has a grandson named Oliver. [1] He is a former cardiac surgeon and cardiac surgery researcher,[2] who currently runs his own experimental clinic investigating the impact of diet on health. In the ripe bananas (Musa acuminata L.) and the plantains (Musa spp), one of the most prominent proteins has been discovered as lectin. Youd think they would have a modicum of responsibility to publish health advice based on science, not sensationalist drivel. Its not Brown rice; its all rice grown in the Southeastern states like Alabama LA, SC, MS etc because they used to be the big cotton growing states and the fields were liberally laced with arsenic to fight the boll weevil. Steven Gundry organized cardiac surgery research in 1990. Thank you, Anita Perez Sent from my iPad >. Find out more about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out. Dr. Steven Gundry: Sorghum produces a high-quality, high-protein grain. After debunking Gundrys lectin claims , Campbell suggests that Gundrys major goal is selling more useless supplements, including one that will protect readers from the dreaded lectin: In conclusion, there are many people who desire good health and deserve good information and we resent that they must suffer such poor quality and confusing information under the assumption that it is good science. But its just the same old BS dressed in new clothes. The way they operate is through an advertising formula that pulls on your vulnerability, paints a picture of a hero who will save you from whatever ails you, and fires a barrage of facts at you, then once you are motivated and looking forward to hearing the solution you are pushed a massively overpriced product that is then discounted on a limited 24hr offer. Gundry has mentioned a new high-fiber superfood called zen basil seeds, which you may have heard him discuss. I see his advice as highly unproven theories with no scientific research behind it. Whatever, meaning, amature after amature pushing their wares. Religion is the worst invention of Humanity. Dr. Oz should be ashamed of himself. In Dr Gundry's model, gone is the old foundation of pasta, bread and cereal and in its place is approved fats (avocado, olive oil, nuts and seeds), leafy greens and cruciferous vegetables (like broccoli and cauliflower). And although controversial, followers of the diet have seen success. The more outrageous his claims, the more followers he will attract. And plants do have numerous antinutrients whether you want to acknowledge it or not So the claim that plant foods are good, pure and simple, is utterly unscientific conventional wisdom, nothing more. No. Yes, it comes with aches and pains. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Arent those in nightshade family? Listen and learn, but I follow none of them. In 2016, he founded a famous blog and line of supplements-Gundry MD which is a wellbeing blog. One uses carbs And fiber 8s an important moderator that ultimately helps avoid diabetes and more. It is a money crop. FWIW, I prefer 7:30pm to 2:30pm and has worked well for me for five years plus. He is investigating the effect of diet on human beings and has released many supplements related to human health that are gaining huge fame due to correct consequences. If youre looking for a high-nutrient meat, cow liver is your best bet. What is Steven Gundrys net worth? Because his claims are quite profound and novel, referencing of the findings of others and his own results are especially important. I can call him a GD quack as many times as I desire because his attorneys can go pound sand if it offends them and that phony white bearded rich wimp. I note his contribution is as much a fact as any other unsupported assertion, and can be equally ignored. If it says "250 mg per serving," go ahead and take four of those a day! Evil genius you might say. https://isupportgary.com/articles/aussie-gps-medical-evangelists-for-sda-church. Dr. Steven Gundry (00:16): Welcome to the Dr. Gundry Podcast. So yes, it would be best to pass on any diet that cuts out food groups, like the Plant Paradox Diet, and instead stick to an eating plan that focuses on whole, nutrient-rich foods. "Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. in 1972. A level in which they dont have as much overhead and make a whole lot more money. Read The Blue Zones. Possibly because it wasnt a problem. Maybe believes all he says himself. A substance in blueberries called flavonoids is responsible for their beneficial effects on health. He has simply been seduced by the potential to make money and money corrupts absolutely. The first is from T. Colin Campbell of China Study fame. Thank you for a very informative article. Instead of taking pills for allergies, diabetes II, arthritis, heart disease etc, changing a bit our lifestyles and what we eat would be a better way in my humble opinion. Dr Dwane Jackson - Holy and Happy: The Selfie Paradox. I am the Director and Founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute as well as the Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.. (Both also require other nutrients, including protein.). I say let science sort it out and in the meantime eschew grains completely or limit amounts and to traditional sources, e.g. Never ventured into the ever-widening variety of products and potions being promoted by the good doctor. But she ate these things in moderation. It might not sound too bad, but the list of foods off limits is quite intense. Dr Steven Gundry, M.D., is one of the biggest, and most controversial, names in the health world. Better still, try a supplement like Bio Complete 3, Dr/ Gundry's ground-breaking three-in-one . So not stupid but just to trusting in people Ive been that way my whole life and have been so hurt by it. My dime. You can count on us for all your medical and wellness needs - from primary to specialty care. [28], Harriet Hall of Science-Based Medicine has noted that Gundry's alleged evidence for the benefits of a lectin-free diet are anecdotal and meaningless as there are no studies with control groups in the medical literature to support his claims. And lastly you say countries Reds are useless. In spite of the fact that he isnt completely trustworthy, we shouldnt discard his views just yet. There are so many of these guys making millions off of innocent people. The skeptical cardiologist first encountered the blather of Dr. Steven Gundry while researching and writing a post entitled The #1 Red Flag of Quackery. Most lectins may be deactivated by cooking using wet, high-heat techniques such as boiling, stewing, or soaking. Dr. Oz should be have feathers glued on his bottom and made to do the rooster dance and sing cockledoodleado until his sense of decency and compassion for other human beings returns. Even the greatest lectophobe of them all, Dr. Stephen Gundry, concedes that when beans are pressure-cooked (as all canned beans are), they're pretty safe. I cant say that I have debunked leaky gut. Hamblin also interviews Gundry which is particularly revelatory as to Gundrys lack of credibility. But the referencing is so lacking and sloppy that Dr. Gundry should be embarrassed. Dr. Gundry's distinguished career in medicine, including his research experience, definitely offers some validity to his book, but we've been living with so much "fake news" that I feel it would have been much more beneficial to see some peer-reviewed research or studies that support his claims. Glass houses, and all. Gundry also claims in some of his infomercials that hes acted as personal physician to Robbins. Nightshades: tomatoes, eggplant, potatoes and peppers, Beans and legumes: Including soy and peanuts. His advice racked up to 14 million views. [5] In 2018 he published an accompanying recipe book. This is a question that many people may be asking. He has also included the use of lectins and avoiding their use in his second book. The folks at DSM didnt know what to do with this so they included both. , Optimist, I can agree with a lot of what you say. Sad to see so much of this type of thing on PBS. He was raised by American parents in Omaha, Nebraska. He has a complete grasp of the notion that desperate people, who already tried many diets, need to cling on to hope. And Im glad you approve of full fat yogurt my yogurt maker has payed for itself many times over and I dont add sugar. Lectins may interfere with the absorption of nutrients by preventing your body from using them. Said he himself could never lose weight until he discovered this secret blah, blah Mate Ill tell you the secret to losing weight infallibly and for sure: DONT EAT SO MUCH. I am a Family Physician with a long-standing interest in the connection between diet and brain function. Holly, according to Steve, you are clearly a nut naughty nut! Pathetic greedy man is all he isah take a good look at him aging and over weight. I buy Thai or Indian or some such. I feel so wronged. EVERYONE OUT THERE TRY THOS PROGRAM IT WORKS !! [3] Gundry is the author of The Plant Paradox: The Hidden Dangers in "Healthy" Foods That Cause Disease and Weight Gain, which promotes the controversial lectin-free diet. We recently got scammed and it has made me suspicious of all the things that Ive been buying for myself and animals. I had a heart attack last year but have no heart damage. Dr. Steven Gundry MD Dr. Steven Gundry MD Reviews ( 527 reviews ) Website: www.GundryMD.com Write a Review Dr. Steven Gundry MD Customer Reviews Sort Reviews By: Julie Just keep on taking care of myself. If he still has his practice I surmise that hoodwinkcockledoodleado will not fly wirh them and I believe he has the good sense not to try it wirh his patients. What is Dr. Gundrys formula for fading the appearance of wrinkles? Gundry is best known as the promoter of the lectin-free diet and has authored several books on the subject, such as The Plant Paradox and The Longevity Paradox. From the inside out, it helps to erase dark spots and skin discolorations. How many references to scientific studies are provided in these 5 pages to support this novel and bold assertion? Adventist, member of any one of a group of Protestant Christian churches that trace their origin to the United States in the mid-19th century and that are distinguished by their emphasis on the belief that the personal, visible return of Christ in glory (i.e., the Second Coming) is close at hand, a belief shared by many Christians. Sugar/wheat addicts are sure to disagree with you. Ive been meaning to write specifically about his most popular useless supplement, Vital Reds. He came to realize that even "healthy" choices, like certain fruits and vegetables, may have a negative effect on your body. IF he were at all genuine, just like any other genuine reporter, truth teller, observer, scientist, friend or whatever hed put it clearly and simply out front, up top, right there before you even start on any further reading or videos. How can we know which food is the healthiest for the planet in 2020? ) He is, however, a very successful author. It turns out we get along just fine without fibre to help eliminate the toxins in our food as, on further discovery, we find those toxins rode in with the plants as predation defences. Lectins are found in both maize and popcorn. December 11, 2022 I have been taken the three supplements for a month now, Total restore, lectin, and biomedical. I listened to the whole infomercial including the extra bit at the end after the pause and having listened to other infomercials in the exact same format they all take you through a long journey through the justification of a product that is unique and will radically improve your life in some newly discovered way. All the get it now or else is a red flag. I just heard a new quack, Dr. Rand McClain, selling TeloGenesis. In terms of protein, he recommends only sticking to wild-caught seafood, pastured poultry, Omega-3 eggs and grass-fed, pasture-raised meats. They sell their information. [30] The Reuters Fact Check team concluded that it did "not provide reliable evidence that mRNA vaccines increase risk of heart disease". What Should You Use to Gather Water and Lava in Minecraft? His show really is like unto a sideshow with people he brings on to fill time. However, some people mistakenly think that the SDA Church is teaching that Jesus is a created angel and therefore not truly divine. I have noticed my PBS TV station televising what is essentially an infomercial for a doctor I consider a charlatan/snake oil salesman/quack. Thank you for your article. He believed lectins to be the basic cause of modern diseases. Dr. Gundry is back at it on PBS with a 2019 book called The Longevity Paradox, and a whole new presentation around it. It has a lot of science behind, but it also feels a bit sloppy and indeed, at times like an advertisement for Gundrys. Proudly powered by WordPress Your email address will not be published. Dr. Steven Gundry was born on July 11, 1950, in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. book entitled The Plant Paradox: The Hidden Dangers in Healthy Foods That Cause Disease and Weight Gain. These hucksters never go away, just keep coming back to the gullible year after year. So the mere fact that he doesnt just tell it up front and for free shows him up for what he is. Just saying. When i checked out the book from the library I was shocked by how radical it was regarding diet and foodstuffs. Learn how your comment data is processed. Tomatoes are a staple. I went to LLU the first year @ La Sierra (68) and was born 1950. I followed the instructions to a t, included the required paperwork with the return, only to receive a partial refund of $90 of the total $135 cost. Since then he has authored two books focusing on basic human health related to food interventions. What is Spawning Protection in Minecraft. Theme: Newsup by Themeansar. Personally, I feel sorry for them! He had a bright academic career and graduated from Yale University with a B.A. No noticeable difference in how I look or feel over several months, including any actual weight reduction. Is Watch Dogs 2 Multiplayer Cross Platform? There are so many of these charlatans fleecing the public in so many different areas it is overwhelming. Your comment is a dis-service to legitamate science. Ive referenced her excellent work on debunking pseudoscience and quackery frequently. Some who go into, I was quite saddened to hear of the recent death of Dr. Harriet Hall. Listen to medical authors who are qualified in their field. That would be awesome! At the time of writing, the channel has over 456k subscribers and more than 37 million views. By the time of 2000s, Steven Gundry elevated his career as a Cardiothoracic surgeon. Steven is also an author by profession and has written The Plant Paradox: The Hidden Dangers in Healthy Foods That Cause Disease and Weight Gain which was one of the best-selling in New York. Charlatan? Hes right about a few things: dont eat in the evening (allow yourself to fast), avoid processed foods (and sugars), and theres no such thing as pre-diabetes: if youre approaching the low hundreds, avoid sugars and processed foods ASAP. Dr. Gundry's Discovery. Dr. Gundry, true-to-form, comes sweeping in with Unlocking the Keto Code to clarify this . Gundry credits his lectin-free diet to curing his own arthritis, high blood pressure and migraines, while losing 32kg in the process. SPINACH IS THE FIRST INGREDIENT. I never bought into his BS, because it smelled from the start. If i take your total do I need to stop taking my pills. You are my new hero (at least for the time being). Lectins in nuts and seeds are water-soluble and present on the outer surface, thus they are washed away when the food is exposed to moisture. Meaning just about what you said, dont eat so much. https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/1017p10.shtml, https://www.livescience.com/what-are-lectins-plant-paradox, Harry Knowles Net Worth | Wife (Patricia Cho Jones), Phoebe Combes Net Worth | Biography & Age. All I got out of it was tired 24/7. Gundry came across my radar screen due to the popularity of his useless supplements and his pseudoscientific justifications. The scientists and dieticians have classified Stevens claim to be a part of a pseudoscience whereas the Plant Paradox diet suggested avoiding food containing lectins. thank you, Thank you for this informative article. Amazing that folks still get away with so much BS. In his most recent book, he wrote about the importance of a plant-based diet and its benefits for the human body. In the meantime, Gundry has come out with another best-selling. Salmon, blueberries, walnuts, Brussels sprouts, and yoghurt have been named the healthiest foods in the world by a Harvard researcher. I really loved reading this page revealing the hidden truths on this SOB! It is in my lymph nodes, blood stream etc. In 2002, he moved into private practice and established the International Heart and Lung Institute. He should be thrown in jail for fraud. Carbohydrates are not an essential nutrient, and many hunter gatherer tribes have eaten plant foods primarily as survival and medicinal foods, not for nutrients. I love Dr.Gundry and his plant paradox book is on point! His thesis is that lectins, a type of plant protein found in certain foods (think beans, brown rice, chia seeds, nuts, tomatoes, quinoa and many more) actually damage the gut wall by causing inflammation, thus resulting in many modern diseases. There are no known conflicts of interest regarding his religion. Eat Your Beans But Skip Reading The Plant Paradox, Finally, Ive updated this post with a skewering of Gundrys latest book The Longevity Paradox written by Joel Kahn, MD. I have read with interest numerous special diets proposed by doctors, dieticians, and other health gurus. Its been a recognized problem in baby foods (see Consumer Reports). Except his conspiracy theories are in the area of food and effects on health. Zealots like John Kellogg, Lenna Cooper, Ancel Keys and subsequent proponents of the misguided and seemingly misanthropic message they instigated (even above-quoted T. Colin Campbell) have been attempting to convince humans that were herbivorous or should eat less fat, cholesterol or salt for over a century and that should be called out and ignored, or even penalised given the accumulated damaging consequences. Ketogenic diets. He also owns YouTube channels on which he can often be seen giving explanations of his practices while sharing tips, demonstrations, etc. Dr. Steven Gundry is married to a woman named Penny. I hope to change that with the CARB syndrome concept. Dishonesty is not restricted to Snake-Oil Salesmen ! Snake oil salesman seems to be OK and he is the king of SOS. Unlike Amen and Gundry, I make my living the old-fashioned way by rounding at multiple nursing homes. Agree. I called CS again and was told by a rep that since I had only returned 2 of the 3 bottles (one glass bottle had broken and was thrown away, one was empty, and the third had about 12 capsules left), so I was being charged $45 for the 1 empty bottle that broke. Lets have more research on this, but his book is a start and it seems mostly honest. [24], Gundry advocates a low-carbohydrate diet. Yes, there are a lot of these folks making bank off people by selling info and promises that are false and have never been proven. I know how addicting they can be. Dr. Gundry interviews some of the world's leading health experts to glean life-changing insights and offers cutting-edge wellness advice during his topical lectures. Indeed up until 2004 Gundry was a well-respected cardiac surgeon but since then he has been selling diet books and supplements on his website, gundrymd.com. In light of Dr. Gundrys over zealous mission to save the eater from himself as an act of selfless service, I cant help but notice selfies in Palm Springs and his push for organic foods and supplements donut eaters cant afford, not to mention those way past his age glasses. Steven Gundry was born and raised in Omaha, Nebraska to a Valedictorian mother and a people-loving father who was, in turn, a sales industry champion. Avocados are not only lectin-free, but they are also a great source of vitamin C and potassium. Every time he opens his little lips to speak his eyes stretch and he breaths in and out pop little big lies and I was amazed that the audience actually fed into the three ring circus act time and time again. explain that, Dr. Gundry? McLeod also notes the singer likely saw such drastic results because her whole diet was cleaner meaning that she consumed less processed, high fat, high sugar options.. 1. Its obvious Gundrys diets are a scam to sell his books and supplement lines. I have the same opinion, and have never heard it verbalized before. Who exactly is misleading the public with false information? It is not often we hear from those who have consumed the Inuit diet. Founding: May 1863. This is a problem much bigger than any plant protein. 3 October 2020. These communities with different cultures and different geographical locations have common denominators. A reader has taken exception to this comment of yours At least he doesnt talk about how Big Pharma wants to shut him down, or how his wife left him for another man because of his excessive flatulence, in his excessively long self-testimonial., He feels this is an attack on Gundrys personal life. In general, we dont need to ingest undigestible material just to defecate it. I am very serious Dr. Oz seems to me the type of man who will continue to pull at straws rather than admit defeat and go back to his so called practice. To say fiber is not needed is very misleading. In his previous books, he discussed the lectins found in plants, as well as some recipes that promote a healthy lifestyle. Follow 30 to 90 day weight loss program . Or maybe he actually believes in his own scam! When you have stenosis and etc I had them replaced three times. I think the author of this article didnt read the book, just maybe the review of Dr Campbell. The Plant Paradox would have you believe that lectins are the major danger in our diet. my name is Maura i am taking pills or my high blood pressure and pill for to prevent diabetis and 1/2 pill sleeping pills. The Seventh-day Adventist diet is primarily plant based, meaning that it encourages eating plant foods and restricting or eliminating animal products. THE REAL TRUTH ABOUT CORONAVIRUS by Dr. Steven Gundry - YouTube 0:00 / 10:06 COVID-19 vaccine Get the latest information from the CDC. in 1972. Steven Gundry is an American physician and author. Oh my I feel so fullish to have purchased all of the products that I have so far. What Disney Collectibles Are Most Valuable? Interesting I should come across this just after watching Gundrys video and also noticed the We might run out! marketing at the end. oxygen is not a theoretical toxin with theoretical harms in people; it is a known toxic with established harms. Guess what, Im eating my nightshades, folks. And the bulk of the authors wild claims lack references at all, with several examples of easily verifiable falsehoods. I was intrigued enough to do my own literature search and can confirm zero exist. Campbell begins: The claims come fast and furious in this book, stated with a degree of certainty, without nuance, that undoubtedly appeals to many readers. In my opinion Gundry is a total quack! Never, EVER part with your money to these greedy, commercial, underhanded individuals. Founders: William Miller, Ellen White, James White, Joseph Bates. Also, I think Gundry said to eat yams. The staff was encouraged to follow a vegetarian regimen while working in order to honor the school's beliefs. I suffered from acid reflux and gastritis for three years before they found a blockage on an MRI. 16 January 2021. . 10 October 2020. He wrote a book published in 2009 entitled Dr. Gundrys Diet Evolution in which he states: Until six years ago, I primarily flexed my survival muscles as a heart surgeon and researcher on how to keep heart cells alive under stress. The skeptical cardiologist first encountered the blather of Dr. Steven Gundry while researching and writing a post entitled . Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. He is the pioneer of heart transplant surgery, especially in infants. Fahrverkauf Ingolstadt; Preise Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Additionally, because the foods that are high in lectins provide many essential nutrients, removing these foods from your regular diet can lead to potential nutritional deficiencies. Gundry believes eliminating lectins will not only lower inflammation, but will also help you lose weight and boost your overall wellness. None of us are here forever, so dont stress and enjoy the good life we were given. We will do better to go out and spend that money on organic vegetables, organic high grade protein such as wild caught salmon, avoid high sugar foods, and just live our lives. Dr. Greger from NutrionFacts.org wrote that the book doesnt even pass the whiff test.. Nowhere on his website nor in the detailed, simple 4-step return process does it state this policy. Can you show me where leaky gut is debunked? Dr Longo s book is essentially vegan with a lot of fasting. So hes no low-life scam artist. It has a lot of science behind, but it also feels a bit sloppy and indeed, at times like an advertisement for Gundrys diet (as far as I can tell though he is not really pushing his supplements in the book, only the diet). Thanks, I was wondering why DrGundrys Vital Reds supplements dont list amounts of sugar, etc in them on the label. Dr Gundry, leave your opinions to the Naive and get back to the Scientific Method. As I recently noted to a colleague, oxygen is not a theoretical toxin with theoretical harms in people; it is a known toxic with established harms. To complement his beliefs, Gundry sells a range of supplements, branded Gundry MD. [11] The boy's recovery made the need for a heart transplant unnecessary, and he received a successful four-hour surgery from Gundry to repair the mitral valve. So the next time you're in the pharmacy section at the grocery store, check out a bottle of fish oil capsules and see how many milligrams are in one capsule. Anthocyanins, in particular, are found in abundance. how to pronounce canadian cities. Dr. Steven Gundry first coined the term "lectin-free diet." He is a former heart surgeon who now promotes alternative diets and supplements. The American Heart Association issued an expression of concern, warning that the abstract may not be reliable and that, among other problems, there were "no statistical analyses for significance provided, and the author is not clear that only anecdotal data was used. It confirmed my suspicions. But that is not the Seventh-day Adventist. Gundry, Steven R. & Notes Medical Director at Desert Regional International Heart Institute (2002+); LLUMC Chief of Cardopthoracic Surgery;assisted Dr. Bailey with infant heart transplants (13years);inventor of innovations for heart surgery Search Type SDA Biography File [25] Gundry's ketogenic diet encourages the consumption of polyphenols, time-restricted eating and "mitochondrial uncoupling" to facilitate weight loss. Startseite; Die Bckerei. He provides ideas about molecules called Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac and how the differences amongst species. Dr Steven Gundry, M.D., is one of the biggest, and most controversial, names in the health world. "The Plant Paradox: Steven Gundry's War on Lectins | Science-Based Medicine", "Making Some Trauma of Heart Surgery Disappear", "Ask the Expert: Clearing Up Lectin Misconceptions", "Will Cutting Out Lectins On The Plant Paradox Diet Make Losing Weight Easier? Steven R. Gundry (born July 11, 1950) is an American physician and low-carbohydrate diet author. Eating many so-called healthy foods gives your body the wrong messages and may activate what Dr. Gundry calls "killer genes," whose purpose is to get rid of you. ", "Going 'lectin-free' is the latest pseudoscience diet fad", "The Next Gluten-Level Obsession Could Be Lectins", "20032005 Bulletin Loma Linda University", "About Steven Gundry Global Wellness Institute", "Center for Restoritive Medicine 9 Ways to Better Health", "No, You Probably Shouldn't Follow Kelly Clarkson's 'Lectin-Free' Diet", "The Dr. Gundry Podcast on Apple Podcasts", "Gwyneth Paltrow and Goop: Another triumph of celebrity pseudoscience and quackery", "Unlocking the Keto Code: The Revolutionary New Science of Keto That Offers More Benefits Without Deprivation", "Lectin-free is the new food fad that deserves to be skewered", "Fact Check Research abstract is not reliable evidence of a link between mRNA vaccines and heart disease", "Concerns raised about legitimacy of research linking vaccines and heart attacks", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steven_Gundry&oldid=1138290702, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 22:39.