characteristics of ethiopian agriculture

Adigrat University, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Adgrat, Tigray, Ethiopia Address: Adigrat University, P.O.Box 50 Abstract: Ethiopia is endowed with diverse cattle genetic resources adapted to various local environmental conditions and acquired unique features. Land Utilization (Private Peasant Holdings, Meher Season) 2020/21 (2013 E.C.) Contract farming, cluster approach and land consolidation, Horticulture (irrigation and urban farming), Climate resilient sustainable agricultural development. Among the overall agricultural output produced by an Ethiopian family farm, only 21 percent are sold, highlighting the subsistence-oriented nature of the country's smallholders. [30] These tools includes sickle, pick axe, plough shaft, ploughshare, plow, beam and animal force as a machines. Agricultural production has been highly dependent on natural resources for centuries [].However, increased human population and other factors have degraded the natural resources in the country thus seriously threatening sustainable agriculture and food security [2, 3]. In addition to its domestic use, sesame is also the principal export oilseed. Farmers' group formation accompanies the reform process. A Review of Ethiopian Agriculture Roles Policy and Small Scale Farming . About three-quarters of the total sheep flock is in the highlands, whereas lowland pastoralists maintain about three-quarters of the goat herd. Under the current administration, the GOE has renewed its emphasis to develop the agriculture sector, ensure food security, and achieve import substition. Regional Agricultural Research Centers (RARCs) under the respective regional bureaus of agriculture. Demand for vegetables has stimulated truck farming around the main urban areas such as Addis Ababa and Asmera. The reforms success in supporting Ethiopias economic growth in part depends on the development of the agro-processing sector (e.g. The MPP included credit for the purchase of items such as fertilizers, improved seeds, and pesticides; innovative extension services; the establishment of cooperatives; and the provision of infrastructure, mainly water supply and all-weather roads. The major product in are teff, wheat, maize, sesame, Niger, linseed etc. Over 60% of Ethiopian coffee is produced as forest coffee . Regular and reliable harvests helped generate stable tax income that led to relatively strong governmental structures that were ultimately the reason that Ethiopia was the only country not to be colonized in the late-nineteenth century Scramble for Africa apart from Liberia. The report includes the market size, recent trends, industry statistics, and analysis. The increased production coming from existing and anticipated investments in the local agro-processing sector, as well as imports, are expected to help satisfy this growing demand. Between 198485 and 198687, at the height of the drought, Ethiopia received more than 1.7 million tons of grain, about 14 percent of the total food aid for Africa. The process meant not only smaller farms but also the fragmentation of holdings, which were often scattered into small plots to give families land of comparable quality. Many of the existing and anticipated increases in livestock production, as envisioned under the LMP, are linked to the consistent availability of quality livestock feed, animal genetics, and veterinary services. "Agriculture" (and subsections). Major Rivers of Ethiopia Water resources. The AMC set quotas of grain purchases to be delivered by peasant associations and cooperatives and also bought from private wholesalers, who were required to sell half of their purchases at predetermined prices. Grain yields are relatively low due to the countrys rugged topography, poor land management, small-scale landholdings, irregular rainfall, limited mechanization, and insufficient supplies of fertilizer and improved seed. This growth is expected to create investment and trade opportunities for certain commodities and open doors for veterinary and other livestock services. Ethiopia is also Africa's second biggest maize producer. The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) is the Ethiopian government ministry which oversees the agricultural and rural development policies of Ethiopia on a Federal level. The agriculture sector is projected to grow at 6.2% per annum over the next ten years. Ethiopia's major industries include agriculture, construction, manufacturing, resources and . Assess the effect of the main factors of Ethiopia crop production (land, labor & capital) in general and cereal production in particular. Since the 2000s, Ethiopia has emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa. The chicken business also shows promising opportunities. However, beginning in 1987 the decline in world coffee prices, reduced Ethiopia's foreign-exchange earnings. Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian Agriculture Introduction Inability to produce adequate food is the major problem of most less developed countries (LDCS). 3. Ethiopia's development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the . During Derg rule, veterinary stations were opened at Bahir Dar, Bedele, and Bishoftu to provide treatment and vaccination services. Agriculture. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Role Agriculture in Ethiopian economy. To implement this strategy, the government relied on peasant associations and rural development, cooperatives and state farms, resettlement and villagization, increased food production, and a new marketing policy. Cookies on OCLC websites. The high concentration of animals in the highlands, together with the fact that cattle are often kept for status, reduces the economic potential of Ethiopian livestock. Except in Tigray region, the pilot agro-industrial parks have launched operations. Challenges of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Ethiopia. The pilot areas selected for establishment of the Agro-Industrial Parks are mainly based on the potential of existing agricultural resources and allied sectors, infrastructure, and facilities. Agriculture is defined as the purposeful tending of animals and plants.It provides: basic food supplies for the population; raw materials like cotton, sugar cane, oil seeds, etc. Amare Getahun's (1978) paper on agricultural systems in Ethiopia is one of the few attempts to classify agricultural systems in Ethiopia into (a) the highland mixed farming system, (b) low plateaux and valley mixed agriculture, (c) pastoral livestock production of the arid and semi-arid zones and (d) commercial agriculture, and to describe the main characteristics of each system. In addition, the GOE is looking to the agro-processing sector (also a best prospect sector detailed below) as one engine to spur future economic growth. Opportunities also exist for agricultural inputs and systems used to grow and process cotton into textile and apparel. Where the topography permits, they are suitable for farming. In addition to cattle, small ruminants (goats and sheep) and beasts of burden (donkey, horse, mule) are not uncommon in this farming system. U.S. Department of Commerce The study sought to assess the role of smallholder farming in crop productivity and market access . Ensete flour constitutes the staple food of the local people. Both animals have high sales value in urban centers, particularly during holidays such as Easter and New Year's Day. Resembling the banana but bearing an inedible fruit, the plant produces large quantities of starch in its underground rhizome and an above-ground stem that can reach a height of several meters. In early 1990, the government essentially abandoned villagization when it announced new economic policies that called for free-market reforms and a relaxation of centralized planning. These programs should also result in Ethiopia getting to middle income status by 2025. Between 1976 and 1985, the government constructed 600,000 kilometers of agricultural embankments on cultivated land and 470,000 kilometers of hillside terraces, and it closed 80,000 hectares of steep slopes for regeneration. Nonetheless, agricultural output rose by an estimated 3 percent in 199091, almost certainly in response to the relaxation of government regulation. [21] It is estimated to number over 150 million in 20072008. Search term. Agriculture. [7] In EFY 20072008, the CSA reported that 17,827,387.94 quintals of pulses were produced on 1,517,661.93 hectares, an increase from the 15,786,215.3 quintals produced on 1,379,045.77 hectares. Ethiopia's crop agriculture is complex, involving substantial variation in crops grown across the country's different regions and ecologies. [7], Wheat stem rust threatens the Ethiopian harvest every year and recently that especially means Ug99. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. ", Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research website, "National Growth and Transformation Plan", "Ethiopia's transforming wheat landscape: tracking variety use through DNA fingerprinting", "Press release: Rust-resistant bread wheat varieties widely adopted in Ethiopia, study shows CGIAR Research Program on WHEAT", "Livestock Sample Survey (AgLVS 2006), version 1.0", USGC Reps Meet With Ethiopian Feed Industry to Assess Market Barriers, "Ethiopia, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor", "Transhumance in the Tigray highlands (Ethiopia)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Ethiopia&oldid=1140777650, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 19:04. As many as 4.6 million people need food assistance annually. This government-led outreach, combined with low labor and electricity costs, has already yielded fruits with a number of Turkish, Indian, Chinese, Indonesian and other foreign firms opening businesses in Ethiopia in recent years. Following their rise to power, on March 4, 1975, the Derg proclaimed their land reform program. In addition, the ten-year development plan aims at boosting agricultural export revenues and substituting imports by reducing production costs. [7], Before the Ethiopian Revolution, pulses and oilseeds played an important role, second only to coffee, in the country's exports. Overview. Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country's economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of exports, and 80% of total employment. [24] As Ethiopia increasingly experiences the effects of climate change, drought, and desertification, experts predict that "Ethiopia will have to open its markets to grain imports in order to keep up with the growing demand for meat, milk, and eggs.". These areas are used by pastoralists who move back and forth in the area following the availability of pasture for their animals. Agro-processed products, such as chicken, cheese, butter, eggs, biscuits, bread, juice, etc. Households spend an average of 40% of their total food budget on cereals. The existence of so many land tenure systems, coupled with the lack of reliable data, made it difficult to give a comprehensive assessment of landownership in Ethiopia, as well as depressed the ability of peasants to improve themselves. An ethnoarchaeological study of highland Ethiopian griddle technology is compared to bread-baking technologies in Africa and the Near East. The GOE is focusing on expanding chicken meat production in order to reduce the countrys longstanding dependence on the livestock sector, minimize the sectors environmental footprint, and provide more affordable protein to the masses. Ethiopia's agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation[1] caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure (making it difficult and expensive to get goods to market).